Sunday, March 30, 2014

Semitic Language Versions of the Lord's Prayer (Hebrew and Aramaic)

The Gospels record many instances of Jesus the Messiah praying, some of which are actually recorded. None of the prayers recorded in the Holy Scriptures are more precious to Christians than the Lord's Prayer, which is recorded in the Synoptic Gospels of Matthew (6:9-13) and Luke (11:1-4) The most popular Bible translations are from Greek (whether from the Byzantine or Alexandrian textual families), but Jesus taught to the common people of 1st century Israel, who spoke the Aramaic language. In many articles I have detailed my reasoning behind believing the New Testament to have originally been written in Aramaic and was best preserved by the Aramaic Peshitta, which is written in a slightly different Eastern dialect (Syriac or Assyrian) from the Lord's Western Aramaic dialect (Galilean). The sources for the three Aramaic versions of the Lord's Prayer are from the primary Syriac (Assyrian Aramaic) versions of the Gospels: the Old Syriac (Sinaitic Palimpsest and Curetonian) and the Eastern Peshitta. The Hebrew version of the Lord's Prayer is from Franz Delitzsch's translation of the Gospels into Hebrew.

First we'll do the Aramaic Peshitta's version of the Lord's Prayer. This is the standard version of the New Testament among Aramaic speaking Christians in the Church of the East, Syriac Orthodox Church, and Syriac Maronite Church. It is believed by some (including myself) that this is the original New Testament, or at least the closest to the original. The dialect of the Peshitta is Syriac.

 ܐܒܘܢ ܕܒܫܡܝܐ ܢܬܩܕܫ ܫܡܟ
ܬܐܬܐ ܡܠܟܘܬܟ ܢܗܘܐ ܨܒܝܢܟ ܐܝܟܢܐ ܕܒܫܡܝܐ ܐܦ ܒܐܪܥܐ
ܗܒܠܢ ܠܚܡܐ ܕܣܘܢܩܢܢ ܝܘܡܢܐ
ܘܫܒܘܩ ܠܢ ܚܘܒܝܢ ܐܝܟܢܐ ܕܐܦ ܚܢܢ ܫܒܩܢ ܠܚܝܒܝܢ
ܘܠܐ ܬܥܠܢ ܠܢܣܝܘܢܐ ܐܠܐ ܦܨܢ ܡܢ ܒܝܫܐ ܡܛܠ ܕܕܝܠܟ ܗܝ ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܘܚܝܠܐ ܘܬܫܒܘܚܬܐ ܠܥܠܡ ܥܠܡܝܢ

Awun d'w'shmaya nith-qadash shmak 

tite malkutak nehwe tzewyanak acana d'w'shmaya aph b'ara 

haw lan lakhma d'sunqanan yawmana 

w'shbuk lan khawbayn acana d'aph khanan shwaqan l'khayawin 

w'la talan l'nesyuna ela ptzan mwn bisha metul d'dilak hi malkuta w'khala w'teshbukhta l'alam almin.

"Our Father in heaven, hallowed by thy name. 

Come thy kingdom, be done thy will; as in heaven, so on earth. 

Give us the bread of our need this day.

And forgive us our offences, as also we have forgiven those who have offended us.

And bring us not into trial, but deliver us from the evil one. For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory forever and ever."- Matthew 6:9-13, Paul Younan's Aramaic-English Interlinear Gospels

ܐܒܘܢ ܕܒܫܡܝܐ ܢܬܩܕܫ ܫܡܟ ܬܐܬܐ ܡܠܟܘܬܟ ܢܗܘܐ ܨܒܝܢܟ ܐܝܟ ܕܒܫܡܝܐ ܐܦ ܒܐܪܥܐ

 ܗܒ ܠܢ ܠܚܡܐ ܕܣܘܢܩܢܢ ܟܠܝܘܡ

ܘܫܒܘܩ ܠܢ ܚܛܗܝܢ ܐܦ ܚܢܢ ܓܝܪ ܫܒܩܢ ܠܟܠ ܕܚܝܒܝܢ ܠܢ ܘܠܐ ܬܥܠܢ ܠܢܣܝܘܢܐ ܐܠܐ ܦܪܘܩܝܢ ܡܢ ܒܝܫܐ

Awun d'w'shmaya netqadash shmak tite malkutak nehwe tzewyanak ak d'w'ashmaya aph b'ara 

haw lan lakhma d'sunqanan culyom w'shbuq lan khtahin

W'shbuq lan khatahan aph enakhnan ger shbaqan l'cul d'khayawin lan w'la talan l'nesyona ela pruqan bisha.

"Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name. Come your kingdom, be done your will; as in Heaven, so on earth. 

Give us the bread of our need everyday. 

And forgive us our sins also, for we forgive all who have offended us. And lead us not into trial, but save us from the evil one."- Luke 11:2-4, Paul Younan's Aramaic-English Interlinear Gospels

Next up is the Sinaitic Palimpsest's version of the Lord's Prayer. The Sinaitic Palimpsest is also referred to as the Syriac Sinaiticus. A palimpsest is a manuscript which has been "scratched over" with another writing, in this case a late biography of several female saints. This is believed by many scholars to be the oldest version of the Gospels in Aramaic, but I follow the position that the Syriac Sinaiticus is the product of 4th century Bishop Rabbula, who created this edition of the Gospels for theological and political reasons to replace the Peshitta and Tatian's Diatessaron. This is one of two versions of the Aramaic Gospels that is referred to as the "Old Syriac". Peshitta primacists like myself like to refer to the Sinaitic Palimpsest as the "Old Scratch". This was discovered in the 1800s by Agnes Smith Lewis and her sister, the former later went on to translate this interesting manuscript. Most of this version of the Lord's Prayer is missing.

 ܐܒܘܢ ܕܒܫܡܝܐ ܢܬܩܕܫ ܫܡܟ܂ 
 ܘܬܐܬܐ

Awun d'w'shamaya netqadash shmak 

w'tite...

"Our Father which art in heaven, hallowed by thy name.

And let come..."- Matthew 6:9-10, Agnes Smith Lewis's A Translation of the Four Gospels From the Syriac of the Sinaitic Palimpsest

ܐܒܐ ܢܬܩܕܫ ܫܡܟ ܘܬܐܬܐ ܡܠܟܘܬܟ

ܘܗܒ ܠܢ ܠܚܡܐ ܐܡܝܢܐ ܕܟܠܝܘܡ

 ܘܫܒܩ ܠܢ ܚܛܗܝܢ ܘܐܦ ܐܢܚܢܢ ܫܒܩܝܢ ܐܢܚܢܢ ܠܟܠ ܕܚܝܒ ܠܢ ܘܠܐ ܬܥܠܢ ܠܢܣܝܘܢܐ 

Awa netqadash shmak w'tite malkutak 

w'haw lan lakhma amina d'caliyom 

w'shbaq khtahin w'aph ankhnan shbaqin ankhanan l'cal d'khib lan w'la talan l'nesyona.

"Father, hallowed be thy name, and thy kingdom come. 

And give us the continual bread of every day. 

And forgive us our sins; and we also, we forgive every one who is indebted to us. And lead us not into temptation."- Luke 11:2-4, Agnes Smith Lewis's A Translation of the Four Gospels From the Syriac of the Sinaitic Palimpsest

This is the Curetonian version of the Gospels, also included in the "Old Syriac" category. The Curetonian is a revision of the Syriac Sinaiticus.

ܐܒܘܢ ܕܒܫܡܝܐ ܢܬܩܕܫ ܫܡܟ܂ 

 ܬܐܬܐ ܡܠܟܘܬܟ܂ ܘܢܗܘܘܢ ܨܒ̈ܝܢܝܟ ܒܐܪܥܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܒܫܡܝܐ܂ 

ܘܠܚܡܢ ܐܡܝܢܐ ܕܝܘܡܐ ܗܒ ܠܢ܂

ܘܫܒܘܩ ܠܢ ܚܘ̈ܒܝܢ܂ ܐܝܟܢܐ ܕܐܦ ܐܢܚܢܢ ܢܫܒܘܩ ܠܚܝ̈ܒܝܢ܂ 

ܘܠܐ ܬܝܬܝܢ ܠܢܣܝܘܢܐ܂ ܐܠܐ ܦܨܢ ܡܢ ܒܝܫܐ܂ ܡܛܠ ܕܕܝܠܟ ܗܝ ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܘܬܫܒܘܚܬܐ܂ ܠܥܠܡ ܥܠܡܝܢ ܐܡܝܢ܀

Awun d'w'shamaya neqadash shmak

tite malkutak w'nehwun tzewyanak b'ara ak d'w'shamaya

 w'lakhman amina d'yoma haw lan 

w'shbuq khubayn akana d'aph anakhnan neshbuq l'khiwian 

w'la tite l'nesyona ela patzan men bisha metul d'dilak hi malkuta w'teshbukhta l'alam almin amin. 

"Our Father in heaven, thy name be hallowed. 

Thy kingdom come. And thy wishes be done in earth as in heaven. 

And our continual bread of the day give us. 

And forgive us our debts, so that we also may forgive our debtors. 

And bring us not into temptation, but deliver us from the Evil One. Because thine is the kingdom and the glory, for ever and ever. Amen."- Matthew 6:9-13, F. Crawford Burkitt's Evangelion da-Mepharreshe: The Curetonian Version of the Four Gospels with the Readings of the Sinai Palimpsest and the Early Syriac Patristic Evidence (Volume 1)

ܐܒܘܢ ܕܒܫܡܝܐ ܢܬܩܕܫ ܫܡܟ܂ ܘܬܐܬܐ ܡܠܟܘܬܟ܂ 

ܘܗܒ ܠܢ ܠܚܡܐ ܐܡܝܢܐ ܕܟܠܝܘܡ

 ܘܫܒܘܩ ܠܢ ܚܛ̈ܗܝܢ܂ ܘܐܦ ܚܢܢ ܢܫܒܘܩ ܠܟܠ ܕܚܝܒ ܠܢ܂ ܘܠܐ ܬܥܠܢ ܠܢܣܝܘܢܐ܂ ܐܠܐ ܦܨܢ ܡܢ ܒܝܫܐ

Awun d'w'shamaya netqadash shmak w'tite malkutak 

w'haw lan lakhma amina d'culyom 

w'shbuq lan khtahin w'aph khnan netqadash l'cal d'khib lan w'la talan l'nesyona ela patzan men bisha.

"Our Father in heaven, thy name be hallowed. And thy kingdom come. 

And give us the continual bread of every day. 

And forgive us our sins, and we also will forgive every one indebted to us. And make us not enter into temptation. But deliver us from the Evil One."- Luke 11:2-4, F. Crawford Burkitt's Evangelion da-Mepharreshe: The Curetonian Version of the Four Gospels with the Readings of the Sinai Palimpsest and the Early Syriac Patristic Evidence (Volume 1)

The final version of the Lord's Prayer is a translation from the Greek Gospels into Hebrew by German Christian Hebraist Franz Delitzsch, who created the standard version of the New Testament in Hebrew in the 1800s.

אָבִינוּ שֶׁבַּשָׁמַיִם יִתְקַדַּשׁ שְׁמֶךָ

 תָּבֹּא מַלְכוּתֶךָ יֵעָשֶׂה רְצוֹנְךָ כַּאֲשֶׁר בַּשָׁמַיִם גַּם בָּאָרֶץ

 אֶת־לֶחֶם חֻקֵּנוּ תֵּן־לָנוּ הַיּוֹם

וּמְחַל־לָנוּ עַל־חֹבוֹתֵינוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר מָחַלְנוּ גַּם־אֲנַחְנוּ לְחַיָּבֵינוּ

וְאַל־תְּבִיאֵנוּ לִידֵי נִסָּיוֹן כִּי אִם־תְּחַלְּצֵנוּ מִן־הָרָע ((כִּי לְךָ הַמַּמְלָכָה וְהַגְּבוּרָה וְהַתִּפְאֶרֶת לְעוֹלְמֵי עוֹלָמִים אָמֵן

Avinu shabashamayim yitheqadash shemeka 

tava malekuteka ye'asheh retzvaneka casher b'shamayim gam b'aretz 

et lekhem huqenu ten lanu ha'yom 

v'mekhal lanu al khavutenu casher makhalenu gam anakhenu lekhayavinu 

v'el tevienu lide nisyon ci im tekhaletzenu min ha'ra ci leka ha'mamelaka v'ha'gevurah v'ha'tipheret l'evleme olamim amen.

"Our Father, who is in heaven, may your name be sanctified. 

May your kingdom come; as your will is done in heaven, may it also be on earth. 

Give us the bread that is our allotment today, 

and pardon us our debts, as we also have pardoned those indebted to us. 

And do not bring us into the hands of testing, but rescue us from what is evil. For yours is the kingdom and the power and the majesty, forever and ever. Amen."- Matthew 6:9-13, Vine of David's The Delitzsch Hebrew Gospels

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